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Bash Bits: Randomize a cronjob to run between 00:00 and 06:00 hours
Published: 06-05-2019 | Author: Remy van Elst | Text only version of this article
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Bash Bits are small examples and tips for Bash Scripts. This bash bit shows you how to randomize the time a cronjob runs in /etc/cron.d/
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Randomize cronjob time
I've used this in the past in a backup script I wrote. During the installation, a cronjob was placed and later the time was randomized between 00:00 AM and 06:00 AM. This way the load on the backup targets wouldn't be a huge peak but more spread out.
First, place your cronjob in /etc/cron.d/, as a file. In this case,
/etc/cron.d/my_example. Use the regular cron.d format (include the username
between the time and executable):
#!/bin/bash
RANDM RANDH * * * root /usr/local/bin/my_binary
Note the two variables, RANDM and RANDH. These will be replaced to the
random hour and minute.
The following code will replace the variables with random digits, but in the range you specify:
# use awk to get a number between 0 and 6 for the hour
RANDH="$(awk 'BEGIN{srand();print int(rand()*(0-6))+6 }')"
# and 0 to 59 for the minutes.
RANDM="$(awk 'BEGIN{srand();print int(rand()*(0-59))+59 }')"
# Replace it in the cronjob.
sed -i -e "s/RANDH/${RANDH}/g" -e "s/RANDM/${RANDM}/g" /etc/cron.d/my_example
# show the user
echo "Randomized cronjob time, will run on ${RANDH}:${RANDM}."
You could use the bash builtin $RANDOM, but then you cannot specify a range.
You could get an illigal time that way.